- Geography changes (was: QFTCIMI515 Final, Round 2: History) - 2 Updates
- QFTCIMI515 Final, Round 3: Geography - 3 Updates
| msb@vex.net (Mark Brader): Jul 11 09:06PM -0500 Mark Brader: > Europe may be the continent with the most changes over the period. > I'm not going to try right now to construct a chronology to check > on that, though. Changes of capitals were too hard, but I did try to construct a list of countries created, renamed, or eliminated since 1950. "Renamed" is based on the names usually used in English, not on local names. If someone else would like to do the same for capitals, it might be interesting. For new countries I generally went by the date of independence, or the date when independence was *recognized*, as given in the CIA World Factbook. Some other details are based on Wikipedia. I may have missed some renamed countries. (I know I missed one; Abyssinia became Ethiopia, but neither source gives a specific date and this seems to have been a gradual transition, long after the local name was already Ethiopia.) I counted the three Caucasus republics as "Asia+Europe" rather than assigning them to either continent alone. I did not count colonies that were promoted to become part of the parent country, like French Guiana, because I wasn't sure if I could construct a good list of those with dates. 1950s: 6 Africa, 2 Asia. 1960s: 34 Africa, 4 Asia, 3 Caribbean, 2 Pacific, 2 Europe, 1 South America. 1970s: 12 Africa, 7 Pacific, 6 Asia, 5 Caribbean, 1 South America. 1980s: 3 Pacific, 3 Asia, 3 Africa, 2 Caribbean, 1 North America. 1990s: 13 Europe, 5 Asia+Europe, 5 Asia, 3 Africa, 2 Pacific, 2000s: 5 Europe. 2010s: 2 Africa. Here's the full list that the above is a summary of, but please let's not quibble over specific single items. First, it was done quickly; second, there may be many cases where the situation is more complicated than the CIAWF or other sources indicate. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1951 Africa Libya independent (from trusteeship) 1953 Asia Cambodia independent (from France) 1956 Africa Sudan independent (from Egypt + UK) 1956 Africa Morocco independent (from France) 1956 Africa Tunisia independent (from France) 1957 Africa Ghana independent (from UK) 1957 Asia Malaysia independent (from UK) 1958 Africa Guinea independent (from France) 1960 Africa DR Congo independent (from Belgium) 1960 Africa Central African Republic independent (from France) 1960 Africa Chad independent (from France) 1960 Africa Dahomey independent (from France) 1960 Africa Gabon independent (from France) 1960 Africa Ivory Coast independent (from France) 1960 Africa Madagascar independent (from France) 1960 Africa Mali independent (from France) 1960 Africa Mauritania independent (from France) 1960 Africa Niger independent (from France) 1960 Africa R Congo independent (from France) 1960 Africa Senegal independent (from France) 1960 Africa Upper Volta independent (from France) 1960 Africa Somalia independent (from UK + Italy) 1960 Africa Nigeria independent (from UK) 1960 Africa Cameroon independent (from trusteeship) 1960 Africa Togo independent (from trusteeship) 1960 Europe Cyprus independent (from UK) 1961 Africa Sierra Leone independent (from UK) 1961 Africa Tanganyika independent (from trusteeship) 1961 Asia Kuwait independent (from UK) 1962 Africa Algeria independent (from France) 1962 Africa Uganda independent (from UK) 1962 Africa Burundi independent (from trusteeship) 1962 Africa Rwanda independent (from trusteeship) 1962 Caribbean Jamaica independent (from UK) 1962 Caribbean Trinidad & Tobago independent (from UK) 1962 Pacific Western Samoa independent (from trusteeship) 1963 Africa Kenya independent (from UK) 1963 Africa Zanzibar independent (from UK) 1964 Africa Tanzania formed from Tanganyika + Zanzibar 1964 Africa Malawi independent (from UK) 1964 Africa Zambia independent (from UK) 1964 Europe Malta independent (from UK) 1965 Africa Gambia independent (from UK) 1965 Asia Singapore independent (from Malaysia) 1965 Asia Maldives independent (from UK) 1966 Africa Botswana independent (from UK) 1966 Africa Lesotho independent (from UK) 1966 Caribbean Barbados independent (from UK) 1966 SouthAm Guyana independent (from UK) 1967 Asia South Yemen independent (from UK) 1968 Africa Equatorial Guinea independent (from Spain) 1968 Africa Mauritius independent (from UK) 1968 Africa Swaziland independent (from UK) 1968 Pacific Nauru independent (from trusteeship) 1970 Pacific Tonga independent (from UK protectorate) 1970 Pacific Fiji independent (from UK) 1971 Africa DR Congo renamed Zaire 1971 Asia Bangladesh independent (from Pakistan) 1971 Asia Bahrain independent (from UK) 1971 Asia Qatar independent (from UK) 1971 Asia United Arab Emirates independent (from UK) 1972 Asia Ceylon renamed Sri Lanka 1973 Caribbean Bahamas independent (from UK) 1974 Africa Guinea-Bissau independent (from Portugal) 1974 Caribbean Grenada independent (from UK) 1974 Pacific Niue independent (from New Zealand) 1975 Africa Dahomey renamed Benin 1975 Africa Comoros independent (from France) 1975 Africa Angola independent (from Portugal) 1975 Africa Cape Verde independent (from Portugal) 1975 Africa Mozambique independent (from Portugal) 1975 Africa Sao Tome & Principe independent (from Portugal) 1975 Asia Cambodia renamed Kampuchea 1975 Pacific Papua New Guinea independent (from trusteeship) 1975 SouthAm Suriname independent (from Netherlands) 1976 Africa Central African Republic renamed Central African Empire 1976 Africa Seychelles independent (from UK) 1977 Africa Djibouti independent (from France) 1978 Caribbean Dominica independent (from UK) 1978 Pacific Solomon Islands independent (from UK) 1978 Pacific Tuvalu independent (from UK) 1979 Africa Central African Empire renamed Central African Republic 1979 Caribbean St. Lucia independent (from UK) 1979 Caribbean St. Vincent & the Grenadines independent (from UK) 1979 Pacific Kiribati independent (from UK) 1980 Africa Zimbabwe independent (from UK) 1980 Pacific Vanuatu independent (from France + UK) 1981 Caribbean Antigua & Barbuda independent (from UK) 1981 NorthAm Belize independent (from UK) 1983 Caribbean St. Kitts & Nevis independent (from UK) 1984 Africa Upper Volta renamed Burkina Faso 1984 Asia Brunei independent (from UK) 1986 Africa Ivory Coast renamed Cote d'Ivoire 1986 Pacific Marshall Islands independent (from trusteeship) 1986 Pacific Micronesia independent (from trusteeship) 1989 Asia Burma renamed Myanmar 1989 Asia Kampuchea renamed Cambodia 1990 Africa Namibia independent (from South Africa) 1990 Asia Yemen formed from North and South Yemen 1990 Europe Germany formed from East and West Germany 1991 Asia Kyrgyzstan independent (from USSR) 1991 Asia Tajikistan independent (from USSR) 1991 Asia Turkmenistan independent (from USSR) 1991 Asia Uzbekistan independent (from USSR) 1991 Asia+Europe Armenia independent (from USSR) 1991 Asia+Europe Azerbaijan independent (from USSR) 1991 Asia+Europe Georgia independent (from USSR) 1991 Asia+Europe Kazakhstan independent (from USSR) 1991 Asia+Europe Russia independent (from USSR) 1991 Europe Belarus independent (from USSR) 1991 Europe Estonia independent (from USSR) 1991 Europe Latvia independent (from USSR) 1991 Europe Lithuania independent (from USSR) 1991 Europe Moldova independent (from USSR) 1991 Europe Ukraine independent (from USSR) 1991 Europe Croatia independent (from Yugoslavia) 1991 Europe Macedonia independent (from Yugoslavia) 1991 Europe Slovenia independent (from Yugoslavia) 1992 Europe Bosnia & Herzegovina independent (from Yugoslavia) 1993 Africa Eritrea independent (from Ethiopia) 1993 Europe Czech Republic independent (from Czechoslovakia) 1993 Europe Slovakia independent (from Czechoslovakia) 1994 Pacific Palau independent (from trusteeship) 1997 Africa Zaire renamed DR Congo 1997 Pacific Western Samoa renamed Samoa 2002 Europe Timor-Leste (Portugal) 2003 Europe Yugoslavia renamed Serbia & Montenegro 2006 Europe Montenegro independent (from Serbia & Montenegro) 2006 Europe Serbia independent (from Serbia & Montenegro) 2008 Europe Kosovo independent (from Serbia) 2011 Africa South Sudan independent (from Sudan) 2013 Africa Cape Verde renamed Cabo Verde ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Mark Brader, Toronto | "Gwyneth Paltrow always says I'm a msb@vex.net | shameless name dropper" -- Roger Ford My text in this article is in the public domain. |
| Dan Tilque <dtilque@frontier.com>: Jul 12 03:11AM -0700 Mark Brader wrote: > is based on the names usually used in English, not on local names. > If someone else would like to do the same for capitals, it might be > interesting. I did some research and found 9 instances where an independent country outside Europe moved its capital since 1900. There's probably some I missed: Australia: Melbourne (de facto) -> Canberra 1927 * Brazil: Rio de Janiero -> Brasilia 1960 Pakistan: Karachi -> Islamabad 1967 Tanzania: Dar es Salaam -> Dodoma 1973 ** Ivory Coast: Abijan -> Yamoussoukro 1983 ** Nigeria: Lagos -> Abuja 1991 Kazakhstan: Almaty -> Astana 1998 Myanmar: Yangon -> Naypyidaw 2005 Palau: Koror -> Ngerulmud 2006 * Apparently Melbourne was never the official capital of Australia, but that's where Parliament met, so what are you going to call it? ** official capital, but most government offices are still in the old capital For virtually all of them (not sure about Tanzania), they built a new city for the capital. Since Istanbul -> Ankara was counted as European earlier in the thread, I didn't count it here. But if you want to count it, that's 10. Either way, it's more than the 6 capital changes in Europe that Erland listed. Another one that may happen (although the country's too poor to build a new city) is South Sudan, which plans to move the capital from Juba to Ramciel. I didn't look for capital changes before independence, but will note a couple of them. I'm sure there were many more. India: Calcutta -> Delhi -> New Delhi 1911, 1931 Belize: Belize City -> Belmopan 1970 I also didn't look for capital city name changes. A couple I can think of, Rangoon -> Yangon and Peking -> Beijing, were just changes in Romanization. I'm not really sure they count as renamings. -- Dan Tilque |
| "Peter Smyth" <smythp@gmail.com>: Jul 11 01:09PM Mark Brader wrote: > doing something, they change city names, claiming that they are > replacing the British name with something more Indian. > 1. What was the former name of the city that is now called Chennai? Madras > 2. What is the current name of the city that the British called > Bombay? Mumbai > 3. The city formerly called Bangalore also has a new name. > What is it? Ahmedabad > * ID the Island > In each case, give the name of the principal island shown on the map. > 4. http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/f-3/land/4.jpg Borneo > 5. http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/f-3/land/5.jpg Maui > 6. http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/f-3/land/6.jpg Hokkaido, Honshu > what is the most populous urban agglomeration (i.e. metropolitan > area) in... > 7. South America? Rio De Janeiro, Sao Paolo > 8. Europe? Moscow > 9. Africa? Lagos > We'll give you the names of all the African countries that border > another country -- and you name that other country. > 10. Burundi, Tanzania, DR Congo, Uganda. Rwanda > 11. Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia. Zimbabwe > 12. Liberia, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Ghana. Sierra Leone > say which of them is farthest north. All cities within a group > will differ by at least 4° of latitude. > 13. Cairo, Egypt; Osaka, Japan; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Osaka > 14. Harare, Zimbabwe; Lima, Peru; São Paulo, Brazil. Lima, Sao Paulo > 15. Colombo, Sri Lanka; Darwin, Australia; Quito, Ecuador. Colombo, Quito Peter Smyth |
| Joshua Kreitzer <gromit82@hotmail.com>: Jul 11 02:58PM msb@vex.net (Mark Brader) wrote in news:uPCdnWNIe86jDT3InZ2dnUU7- > ** Final, Round 3 - Geography > * Indian City Names > 1. What was the former name of the city that is now called Chennai? Madras > 2. What is the current name of the city that the British called > Bombay? Mumbai > 3. The city formerly called Bangalore also has a new name. > What is it? Bengaluru > * ID the Island > In each case, give the name of the principal island shown on the map. > 4. http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/f-3/land/4.jpg Borneo > 5. http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/f-3/land/5.jpg Maui > 6. http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/f-3/land/6.jpg Honshu > what is the most populous urban agglomeration (i.e. metropolitan > area) in... > 7. South America? Rio de Janeiro; Sao Paulo > 8. Europe? London > 9. Africa? Cairo > We'll give you the names of all the African countries that border > another country -- and you name that other country. > 10. Burundi, Tanzania, DR Congo, Uganda. Kenya; Rwanda > 11. Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia. Zimbabwe > 12. Liberia, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Ghana. Sierra Leone; Cote d'Ivoire > say which of them is farthest north. All cities within a group > will differ by at least 4° of latitude. > 13. Cairo, Egypt; Osaka, Japan; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Osaka, Japan; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania > 14. Harare, Zimbabwe; Lima, Peru; São Paulo, Brazil. Lima, Peru > 15. Colombo, Sri Lanka; Darwin, Australia; Quito, Ecuador. Colombo, Sri Lanka -- Joshua Kreitzer gromit82@hotmail.com |
| Jason Kreitzer <krei513@aol.com>: Jul 11 11:52AM -0700 On Friday, July 10, 2015 at 11:40:47 PM UTC-4, Mark Brader wrote: > 1. What was the former name of the city that is now called Chennai? > 2. What is the current name of the city that the British called > Bombay? Mumbai > We'll give you the names of all the African countries that border > another country -- and you name that other country. > 10. Burundi, Tanzania, DR Congo, Uganda. Rwanda > 11. Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia. Zimbabwe > say which of them is farthest north. All cities within a group > will differ by at least 4° of latitude. > 13. Cairo, Egypt; Osaka, Japan; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia > 14. Harare, Zimbabwe; Lima, Peru; São Paulo, Brazil. Lima |
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