464.1 Name Please
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464.1.1 Who were Dismas and Gestas?
464.1.2 Who was Thoth?
464.1.3 The Enola Gay was the name of the B-29 bomber that
dropped the atom bomb on Hiroshima; what was the name
of the B-29 bomber that dropped the atom bomb on
Nagisaki?
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464.2 Science and Nature
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464.2.1 What are anatase, wolfeite, and osbornite?
464.2.2 What are amberjack, catalufa, and flagblenny?
464.2.3 What are Giant Puffball, Shaggy Mane, and Black Trumpet?
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===== FACTOIDS =====
factoid: a briefly stated and usually trivial fact
A star is a massive, luminous ball of plasma held together by gravity.
At the end of its lifetime, a star can also contain a proportion of
degenerate matter. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the
source of most of the energy on Earth. Other stars are visible from
Earth during the night when they are not outshone by the Sun or
blocked by atmospheric phenomena. Historically, the most prominent
stars on the celestial sphere were grouped together into
constellations and asterisms, and the brightest stars gained proper
names. Extensive catalogues of stars have been assembled by
astronomers, which provide standardized star designations.
For at least a portion of its life, a star shines due to thermonuclear
fusion of hydrogen in its core releasing energy that traverses the
star's interior and then radiates into outer space. Almost all
naturally occurring elements heavier than helium were created by
stars, either via stellar nucleosynthesis during their lifetimes or by
supernova nucleosynthesis when stars explode. Astronomers can
determine the mass, age, chemical composition and many other
properties of a star by observing its spectrum, luminosity and motion
through space. The total mass of a star is the principal determinant
in its evolution and eventual fate. Other characteristics of a star
are determined by its evolutionary history, including diameter,
rotation, movement and temperature. A plot of the temperature of many
stars against their luminosities, known as a Hertzsprung-Russell
diagram (H–R diagram), allows the age and evolutionary state of a star
to be determined.
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